DG Set - Detailed Information - Part One
Diesel engine is the prime mover, which drives an alternator to produce electrical energy. In the diesel engine, air is drawn into the cylinder and is compressed to a high ratio (14:1 to 25:1). During this compression, the air is heated to temperature of 700–900°C. A metered quantity of diesel fuel is injected, at high pressure, into the cylinder, which ignites spontaneously because of the high air temperature. Hence, diesel engine is also known as compression ignition (CI) engine. DG set can be classified according to cycle type two stroke and four strokes. However, majority of engines use four stroke cycle. Let us look at the principle of operation of the four-stroke diesel engine. Since power is developed during only one stroke, the single cylinder four-stroke engine has a low degree of uniformity. Smoother running is obtained with multi cylinder engines because the cranks are staggered in relation to one another on the crankshaft. There are many variations of engine configuration, for example. 4 or 6 cylinder, in-line, horizontally opposed, V or radial configurations. To make decision on the type of engine, which is most suitable for a specific application, several factors need to be considered. The two most important factors are: power and speed of the engine. The power requirement is determined by the maximum load. The engine power rating should be 10 – 20 % more than the power demand by the end use. This prevents overloading the machine by absorbing extra load during starting of motors or switching of some types of lighting systems or when wear and tear on the equipment pushes up its power consumption. Speed is measured at the output shaft and given in revolutions per minute (RPM). An engine will operate over a range of speeds, with diesel engines typically running at lower speeds (1300 – 3000 RPM). There will be an optimum speed at which fuel efficiency will be greatest. Engines should be run as closely as possible to their rated speed...
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